Principles of Safe and Ethical Wildlife Observation

Before we dive into specific species, it’s crucial to establish a foundation of responsible conduct. The well-being of the animals and your own safety are paramount. Following these principles ensures that our presence does not harm the wildlife we admire.

Keep Your Distance. This is the golden rule of wildlife watching. A safe distance allows an animal to behave naturally without feeling threatened. If an animal changes its behavior because of you—stops feeding, looks alert and anxious, or moves away—you are too close. For large mammals like bears or moose, this distance can be 100 yards (about the length of a football field) or more. Binoculars and spotting scopes are your best tools for getting a close-up view without causing disturbance.

Never Feed Wildlife. Intentionally feeding wild mammals is one of the most harmful things you can do. It habituates them to humans, making them lose their natural fear and potentially leading to aggressive behavior. It can also make them sick, as human food lacks the proper nutrients, and encourages them to gather in unnaturally high numbers, which can facilitate the spread of disease. Secure your trash, compost, and pet food to avoid unintentional feeding.

Respect Their Home. Whether you are in a national park or your own neighborhood, you are a visitor in the animal’s habitat. Stay on designated trails to avoid trampling sensitive vegetation or disturbing nests and dens. Be quiet and avoid sudden movements. Always respect private property and follow all local regulations and signage, which are there to protect both you and the local wildlife. For guidance on viewing wildlife on public lands, resources from the U.S. National Park Service are an excellent starting point.

Leave No Trace. This principle applies everywhere, from deep wilderness to a local park. Pack out everything you pack in. Do not leave behind food scraps, wrappers, or any other litter. A clean environment is safer and healthier for every living thing.

Pets and Wildlife Don’t Mix. Keep dogs leashed at all times. Even a well-behaved dog can be perceived as a predator by a wild animal, causing immense stress or provoking a defensive attack. Furthermore, pets can contract diseases from or pass them to wildlife.