The Mixed-Breed Health Advantage: How Big Is It?
Given the long list of potential issues in purebreds, it’s clear that mixed-breed dogs do have a health advantage due to hybrid vigor. Studies confirm this, showing they are less likely to suffer from many recessive genetic diseases. A 2018 study published in the journal PLOS Genetics found that mixed-breed dogs, on average, were less likely to be affected by 8 of 10 diseases with a known recessive inheritance pattern.
However, this advantage must be kept in perspective. Mixed-breed dogs are not immune to health problems. They can and do suffer from the full range of canine ailments that are not strictly tied to recessive genes, including allergies, dental disease, obesity, arthritis in old age, and many types of cancer. Their health is a product of their unique genetic cocktail, which can be a lottery.
A dog with a completely unknown, highly varied ancestry—often called a “supermutt”—is likely to reap the greatest benefits of genetic diversity. In contrast, a “designer dog,” which is a first-generation cross of two different purebreds (like a Labradoodle or a Cockapoo), may have a more complicated health profile. While they may avoid the recessive conditions specific to just one parent, they can inherit problems common to both breeds.
Beyond the genetic lottery, there are significant practical and ethical benefits to choosing a mixed-breed dog, especially through adoption.
Saving a Life: Adopting from a shelter or rescue organization directly saves the life of that animal and makes space for another in need.
Known Quantities: When you adopt an adult mixed-breed dog, their full-grown size, basic coat type, and core personality are already established. This can reduce the uncertainty that comes with raising a purebred puppy.
Lower Initial Cost: Adoption fees are typically much lower than the purchase price of a puppy from a reputable breeder. These fees usually include initial vaccinations, spaying/neutering, and a microchip.
Uniqueness: Each mixed-breed dog is a one-of-a-kind individual in both appearance and character, which many owners find incredibly endearing.
